Fantasy, action and the possible in 2011
How and when can people adapt their knowledge and imagination? This essay by anthropologist Samuli Schielke is about Egypt, revolution, Lenin, Tahrir, Islamists, poetry, choice and destiny.
Category: Headline
Minister Donner as Mufti: New developments in the Dutch ‘burqa debates’
On Friday 16 September the Dutch Council of Ministers agreed to prohibit covering the face in public space. In this blog Annelies Moors explains the new developments in the Dutch ‘burqa debates’. She argues that the arguments used by the government and politicians in favor of the ban are highly ambivalent and ambiguous and that with the new proposal Minister Donner almost acts as a mufti in declaring what is Islamic and what is not.
Radicalization Series VI – Muslims and Radicalization – What do we know?
Since 9/11 the issue of radicalization of Muslims is top priority on many policy and research agenda’s. A large industry of research, policy making and advising, counter-radicalization programs and so on has emerged. In this post I will focus on research and the very basic question of what we know by now about radicalization.
Radicalization Series V: Freedom Fighters, Conflict and Culture Talk
It is important I think to see how Breilvik’s ideas (but not his actions) not only are derived from bloggers and politicians but also who they resonate with and are grounded on a grassroots everyday level. I also think the Netherlands can give some clues to that and is relevant here since Breivik partly derived his inspiration from Wilders’ Freedom Party ideology. In this blog therefore I will present some material of the Dutch section of the Ethnobarometer research in which we held focus group discussions on issues of security and culture after 9/11, the murder of Van Gogh and the French riots and Muhammad Cartoons. It shows how people struggle with tolerance on the one hand (seen as an important part of Dutch identity) and fear of Islamization and Muslims on the other hand expressed by different modalities of culture talk. While in the case of Bawer, Breilvik and Wilders the presence of Islam and Muslims are seen as the cause of conflict and by definition leading to conflicts, the Ethnobarometer research also revealed mechanisms that can de-escalate conflicts.
Campus Watch, but better – Freedom Party and politics of obstruction
On 20 & 21 June the Maurits Berger, professor of Islam in the contemporary West, was the convenor of a conference ‘Applying Sharia in the West, where participants discussed the (im)possibilities of implementing Islamic rules (‘Sharia’) in Western societies, with a focus on rules pertaining to family relations. Geert Wilders’ Freedom Party seized the opportunity to ask questions in parliament. Some of these questions based upon faulty assumptions and others were unclear as to what they were actually about, unless read as an accusation that the central questions of the conference were a ‘sign of progressive Islamization in education. In this blog article Maurits Berger reflects on the controversy arguing that the PVV uses a method that is as effective as it is perverse in using lies and distortions that eventually leads to an all pervasive self-censorship among academics.
Wilders on Trial VII – The dissensus ritual
In this entry I give an overview of the events of the trial against extremist anti-islam nativist Geert Wilders. A court case can be seen as a ritual that can offer a temporary solution to a complex and difficult political situation and that should transform a tense situation (as was clearly the case with Fitna) to a more balanced situation. It seems however that the whole trial did not lead to balance and social integration of conflictual standpoints, but to dissensus. A dissensus ritual does not (at least not immediately) lead to social integration but to a focus of the public on the existence of social crises and the escalation of such crisis. The distinction however is not that strong. By relegating the conflict between Wilders’ PVV and its supporters on the one hand and Muslims and anti-racism organisations on the other hand, and the state supposedly somewhere in the middle, decreases the conflictual aspects. It confirms that the natural order of how conflicts should be solved in this country is either by trial or by political debate. As such it establishes and reinforces a hierarchical order of how people should respond to the world. But dit it work?
Open Brief – Geen innovatie zonder wetenschap
Antropologisch onderzoek naar kannibalisme in Papoea Nieuw Guinea leidde bijvoorbeeld tot de ontdekking van de prionziektes (Nobelprijs 1976 en 1997), waartoe ook de gekkekoeienziekte behoort. En zo zijn er meer voorbeelden van fundamenteel onderzoek als de motor voor innovatie en ontwikkeling. Peter-Paul Verbeek, Appy Sluijs, Beatrice de Graaf (jonge academici van de KNAW) betogen in deze brief aan de regering dat haar bezuinigingsplannen, die betekenen dat middelen eenzijdig worden overgeheveld van fundamenteel naar toepassingsgericht onderzoek, leiden tot een radicale ondermijning van de wetenschap
"V for Vendetta": The Other Face of Egypt's Youth Movement
The inspiration for the peaceful side of revolution in Egypt and Tunisia was derived from divergent sources ranging from celebrated figures and icons of nonviolence like Gandhi, Martin Luther King, and Gene Sharp and the human rights orientation of the cause. In this article Linda Herrera takes on a different approach by looking as to how the symbolism and imagery of the popular movie ‘V for Vendetta’ is used by activists in a way that shows the symbiotic relation between the bellicose language and images of objects of their rage and instructing the community on using peaceful non-violent strategies.
Diyanet in Turkey and the Netherlands – Transnational politics and politicization of research
The time that researchers could pretend to work in an academic bubble is definitively over, if it ever existed. Research plays a role in political processes and they are always part of specific power configuration. This is particularly clear in case of the research on Islam and Muslims in Europe. Doing research in the post 9/11 political climate about issues such as the place of Islam in European societies is caught up in a complex political and social web of opposing requirements and assumptions. In this article Thijl Sunier reflects upon his research on the Turkish Diyanet and its relation with the Netherlands understood against the background of fundamental changes in Turkish society.
Oman – State, Tribes and Revolution
Simplistic views about tribal structures in the Middle East doom large in the media and blur our understanding of the current uprisings when the revolutions and concomitant transformations are discussed that take place in the Middle East. However if one looks at these societies from an anthropological perspective a different image of this social phenomenon, not typical for Middle Eastern societies alone, may arise. Based upon her research in Oman, Corien Hoek shows that in this country, state and nation building over a long period of time has thoroughly transformed the tribal organization even though tribes still constitute the back-bone of society at grass-roots level. These social formations have an important integrative function, whereby seeking consensus, and negotiating with representatives from all groups concerned are well-proofed methods and conditions for the success of authority and stability within and between the tribes. Moreover equality of the families, their leaders and the members is a guiding principle, in which the Islam has its role too.