C L O S E R

Violence and Jihad

Posted on September 17th, 2005 by .
Categories: Internal Debates, International Terrorism, Young Muslims.

Violence in Iraq is dividing the jihad-warriors. It raising several interesting questions concerning religious authority and also about the religious legitimization of the attacks (not only in Iraq but also in Madrid and London).

n the past two weeks, two major controversial positions appeared on Jihadi web sites and in the Arab media. These statements were made by two of the most important and influential clerics of the Jihadi-Salafi current of global Jihad. The first was an interview of Abu Muhammad al-Maqdesi, the Jordanian-Palestinian Islamist scholar and spiritual guide of Al-Tawhid wal-Jihad in Jordan and Iraq , and was aired on the Al-Jazirah TV channel on July 3 rd 2005 . 1 Jordanian authorities have recently released Al-Maqdesi after a long arrest of about six months, only to detain him again following his controversial interview. In the interview, he criticized the Islamist insurgents in Iraq , led by his prot�g� Abu Mus’ab al-Zarqawi, for the mass killing of Muslims in Iraq . On 5 July 2005 , he repeated his criticism in another interview with the Jordanian paper �Al-Ghad.’ 2 His most important statement was that �the indiscriminate attacks might distort the true Jihad.� This was not his first criticism of Zarqawi and his group. In September 2004, Al-Maqdesi sent a long message from Al-Qafqafa prison through Jihadi forums on the Internet. 3 In both cases this criticism generated a wave of responses by Jihadi scholars, clerics, and youngsters, who were surprised and confused. If in September 2004 Al-Maqdesi used a �soft� tone, much like a father talking to his son, then this time his tone was direct and decisive, especially as it was aired through the media. The interview also enjoyed high degree of publicity in Jordan and Iraq .

The second statement was given by the Syrian Mustafa Abd al-Mun`im Abu Halimah, better known as Abu Basir al-Tartusi, a Syrian Jihadi scholar residing in London. Like Al-Maqdesi, Abu Basir is one of the leading guides of the Jihadi-Salafi current. Unlike Al-Maqdesi, however, he enjoys complete freedom of activity and speech in London , and hence, can manage close contact with other supporters of global Jihad. In the past, Abu Basir used to be in close contact with the Algerian Jihadi-Salafi group and its supporters in London . Abu Basir is known for his very strict and sharp language, and for his, at times, harsh and brave criticism of Islamist groups. In the past year, for instance, he severely attacked the Palestinian movement Hamas for what he called its �deviation from true Jihad.�

On 9 July 2005 , Abu Basir published a Fatwa on his web site that protested the London bombings and the killing of innocent British civilians. 4 Abu Basir described the bombings as a �disgraceful and shameful act, with no manhood, bravery, or morality. We cannot approve it nor accept it, and it is denied islamically and politically.� He refused labeling the British citizens as �attackers� ( Harbiyyun ), emphasizing instead the social alliance ( `Ahd ) of Muslims in the United Kingdom with the British government and society, among which they live. He added, �if this act was done by British Muslims it does not mean that Islam or the Muslim community in the UK approve of this act.� He ended his statement by raising doubts about the responsibility taken for the London bombings by �The secret group of Al-Qaeda in Europe �

Abu Basir’s statement/Fatwa elicited many responses in Jihadi forums, most among them creating anger and resentment against him. Once again, the supporters of global Jihad were left confused and surprised. The harsh responses Abu Basir generated led him to publish yet another statement on 11 July 2005 , titled �The Love of Revenge or the Legal ruling.� 5 In this second statement, which did not sound apologetic at all, he explained that his position towards the attacks in London was not at all a retreat from his former well-documented positions on Jihad. His main argument was that there was no place for the symmetry of revenge between the Muslims and their oppressors�a symmetry that is a vital component of the strategy of global Jihad. According to Abu Basir, there is no place for revenge in Islamic doctrine, but only integrity based upon the interpretations of Islamic law. He also hinted at an attempt by Islamists to place a wedge between ordinary Muslims and clerics.

This last claim by Abu Basir, we should note, concerns a crucial issue in the research and analysis of religious groups in general, and radical ones in particular: the question of�who is leading who�are the clerics leading the operatives or vice versa? The examples of the martyrdom operations, beheadings, killing of Muslim civilians (Shi`is or Sunnis), and other such issues provide us with a clear answer�the operatives are leading the clerics. Jihadi clerics usually provide the ideological �umbrella’ for the radicalization of the modus operandi .

Concerning Iraq the issue of Takfir is also an important debate.

The enthusiasm that emerges from Iraq is also influencing another field�the Islamic debate over Takfir (excommunication), suicide bombings, and massive killing of Muslims. Zarqawi and his �military strategy� in Iraq attract harsh criticism by clerics who were regarded by the older generation of Al-Qaeda, including Zarqawi himself, as leading mentors�Abu Basir al-Tartusi, who recently published a fatwa against suicide bombings; Abu Muhammad al-Maqdesi, who criticized Zarqawi in public; Muhammad al-Mas`ari, one of the fathers of the oppositionist Saudi reform movement in London; and others who advised Zarqawi and his Sunni supporters in Iraq to reconsider their strict opposition to the new Iraqi constitution, and the planned elections.

It seems that there is a developing crisis in the relations between the older generation of Jihadi-Salafi clerics and scholars and their operative prot�g�s. Zarqawi and his colleagues in Chechnya , Afghanistan , Saudi Arabia , or Kashmir , will always find new and younger clerics to back their strategy from an Islamic point of view. Finding the �proper’ authority among the hundreds of graduates of Saudi Wahhabi Islamic universities should not prove too difficult. Such a split occurred for example between the two Saudi scholars, Safar al-Hawali and Salman al-Awdah, and their younger followers in the past three years in Saudi Arabia . In this case Hawali and al-Awdah lost their appeal and influence over the Saudi supporters of Al-Qaeda, were pushed aside, and became part of Ulamaa al-Salatin �the clerics of the government. They could not be divorced from the negative image Arab governments have in the eyes of the Jihadis.

The recent reactions in Jihadi forums against these debates and criticism over Zarqawi and his strategy by his supporters are in many cases insulting and disrespectful. The main motive is: �let the Mujahidin decide their policy, since they are in the front of Jihad and not the clerics.� This is a new style of discourse, if we look back to the criticizing but most respectful letters of Bin Laden to Sheikh Abd al-Aziz ibn Baz, or of Sheikh Yousef al-Uyeri to Dr. Safar al-Hawali. The �new generation of Iraqi Arabs� is rude and much more self-confident than their fathers of the �Arab Afghans,� especially that they have a new kind of a king�Abu Mus’ab al-Zarqawi.

In all cases however it is the new generation that seems to support the violent jihad (against Muslims and non-Muslims) and reject the older religious authorities stating that they are Ulamaa al-Salatin �the clerics of the government.

In Trouw of today there is more about the criticism of Maqdesi (in Dutch):
Trouw, deVerdieping| overigeartikelen – Geweld verdeelt djihadstrijders

�De heilige oorlog, zijn doelen en zijn middelen zijn te rein, te zuiver en te verheven dan dat ze mag lijken op de daden van maffiabendes.�

Na deze donderpreek trekt Zarkawi een lange neus naar zijn leermeester Maqdesi en gaat hij vuiler dan ooit tekeer. De combinatie van maffia en heilige oorlog bevalt wel.

Dat hij nog meer ge�soleerd raakt, zal hem weinig deren. In zijn geboorteplaats Zarka stond hij toch al nooit bekend als een gezellige mensenvriend.

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TCS: Tech Central Station – Four Years After September 11th: The Media Failure

Posted on September 12th, 2005 by .
Categories: Internal Debates, International Terrorism, Religious and Political Radicalization.

An article by Stephen Schwartz on ‘takfir’: Four Years After September 11th: The Media Failure

We have reached the fourth anniversary of the terrible attacks of September 11, 2001. I am sorry to say that, in my view, the U.S. and Western media have completely failed to meet the challenge of reporting on Islam, in the four succeeding years since then, or in reaction to the atrocities that followed, including the extremist violence in Iraq, which I would not dignify with the titles “insurgency” or “resistance,” the Madrid metro and London underground bombings, and the terror assaults in Indonesia, Morocco, Turkey, and elsewhere.

Islamic shari’a is quite clear on what constitutes a state policy that contradicts Islam: it is one that silences the call to prayer (adhan), and prevents the teaching and preaching of the religion. Serbia, Croatia (in Bosnia-Hercegovina), Macedonia, and Russia may be said to have done so in recent times, although indigenous and legitimate clerics did not judge it to be so. Thus, regardless of conflicts over land, Israel does not interfere with the peaceful activity of Muslim teachers and faithful. Nor, most certainly, does the United States. So one could just as quickly describe the U.S. constitution as a document that does not conflict with Islam, as to so label the Iraqi constitution. Is there reason to be concerned about the U.S. constitution as an Islamic theocratic document? I think not.

The failure to grasp the nature of the new Iraqi constitution extends to the document itself. Much noise has been made about Article Two, in which it is stated that “Islam is the official religion of the state and is a basic source of legislation,” and some praise has been issued for Article 14, which proclaims equality of gender, ethnic groups, religion, opinion, social and economic status, etc. But little has been said about one of the most remarkable and significant elements of the new Iraqi charter: The ban in Article Seven on “Entities or trends that justify or propagate racism, terrorism, ‘takfir,’ sectarian expulsions,” as well as the Saddamist Ba’ath party.

The ban on takfir, which means excommunication or expulsion of one’s opponents from Islam, is exceptionally important, but I can say with considerable certainty that most Western journalists do not have the slightest idea about it. I have found no Western media commentaries on the issue of takfir as treated in the Iraqi constitution, but many that seek to associate tribal customs in the treatment of women, which have no basis whatever in Islamic tradition or law, with the future Iraqi legal system.

(more…)

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Protected: Reporter Profiel: Jason & Jermaine

Posted on September 7th, 2005 by martijn.
Categories: International Terrorism, Murder on theo Van Gogh and related issues, Young Muslims.

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Trouw- AIVD onderschatte internet

Posted on September 1st, 2005 by .
Categories: International Terrorism, Murder on theo Van Gogh and related issues.

In Trouw een interview met Albert Benschop, netsocioloog, die een zeer uitgebreide website heeft over Mohammed B. cs op internet:

Trouw, deVerdieping| dossiers – AIVD onderschatte internet

Ben het niet helemaal met hem eens. Ik denk wel dat de AIVD internet enigszins heeft onderschat (op de wijze die Benschop aangeeft), maar er waren talloze bedreigingen tegen personen in het voorjaar en de zomer van 2004. Uit de stukken van Mohammed B. (in mijn bezit) is niet te lezen dat Theo van Gogh het uiteindelijke doel is; wel dat hij een mogelijk doel is.

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OpinionJournal – That Feeling Of Being Under Suspicion What of “profiling” as an anti-terrorism forensic tool?

Posted on August 24th, 2005 by .
Categories: International Terrorism.

Via hetkanwel.netOpinionJournal – That Feeling Of Being Under Suspicion What of “profiling” as an anti-terrorism forensic tool?

BY TUNKU VARADARAJAN

After the terrorist bombings in London, and the revelations that many of the perpetrators were of Pakistani origin, I find that I am–for the first time in my life–part of a “group” that is under broad but emphatic visual suspicion. In other words, I fit a visual “profile,” and the fit is most disconcerting.
(more…)

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OpinionJournal – That Feeling Of Being Under Suspicion What of "profiling" as an anti-terrorism forensic tool?

Posted on August 24th, 2005 by martijn.
Categories: International Terrorism.

Via hetkanwel.netOpinionJournal – That Feeling Of Being Under Suspicion What of “profiling” as an anti-terrorism forensic tool?

BY TUNKU VARADARAJAN

After the terrorist bombings in London, and the revelations that many of the perpetrators were of Pakistani origin, I find that I am–for the first time in my life–part of a “group” that is under broad but emphatic visual suspicion. In other words, I fit a visual “profile,” and the fit is most disconcerting.
(more…)

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TheStar.com – Al Qaeda's virtual sanctuary

Posted on August 23rd, 2005 by martijn.
Categories: International Terrorism.

TheStar.com – Al Qaeda’s virtual sanctuary

Al Qaeda is winning the war in cyberspace. Since 9/11 it has established an extensive virtual sanctuary on the Net.

(more…)

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TheStar.com – Al Qaeda’s virtual sanctuary

Posted on August 23rd, 2005 by .
Categories: International Terrorism.

TheStar.com – Al Qaeda’s virtual sanctuary

Al Qaeda is winning the war in cyberspace. Since 9/11 it has established an extensive virtual sanctuary on the Net.

(more…)

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Asharq Alawsat – Abu Mohammed al Maqdisi: al-Zarqawi "Spiritual Godfather"

Posted on July 29th, 2005 by martijn.
Categories: Internal Debates, International Terrorism, Murder on theo Van Gogh and related issues, Religious and Political Radicalization.

Asharq Alawsat Abu Mohammed al Maqdisi: al-Zarqawi “Spiritual Godfather”

Al Maqdisi is not only Al-Zarqawi’s “spiritual godfather”. The same can be said for Mohammed B. who frequently uses texts from Sayyd Qutb’s Milestones and from Al Maqdisi. The concepts of al-Walaa’ wal Baraa’ (to be loyal and to disavow for the sake of Allah) were central. Mohammed B. translated al-Maqdisi’s ‘Millat Ibrahim’ into Dutch. In this text Maqdisi elaborates on loyalty and disavowal. It is also very informative about Al Maqdisi, his thoughts, his connection with international terrorism and especially with his student al-Zarqawi.

The concept of loyalty and disavowal is one of the pillars of al Maqdisi’s thought and his favorite argument. He used it in conjunction with extracts from the Quran, the Hadith (sayings of the Prophet), Salafi teachings and the fatwas (religious edicts) of Wahabi clerics ( strict orthodox Sunni Muslims from Saudi Arabia who strive to purify Islamic beliefs and reject any innovation occurring after the 3rd century of Islam). Al Maqdisi’s use of the concept was best displayed in his famous book, “The Faith of Ibrahim”�, his most significant representation of Salafi ideology. The book is similar to Sayyid Qutb’s “Milestones”� in terms of its impact on Salafi ideology. Based on a simple idea, the book advocates following the path set by the Prophet Ibrahim, because God ordered his followers to take Ibrahim as a model in the Koranic verse: “You have a good example in Ibrahim and those who were with him. They said to their people, we disavow you because what you idolize is different than Allah.”

As such, following the way of Ibrahim requires disbelieving the devil and disavowing him. The devil’s infidelity can be seen in several ways, mainly in the fact that he does not rule according to God’s ordinance. A verse in the Quran says, “Those who do not follow Allah’s revelation in their rule are infidels.”� According to al Maqdisi, since all Arab governments do not rule by God’s edict, they are all infidels and need to be disavowed, as the Prophet Ibrahim did before.

The book had a powerful impact in a generation of jihadist men. Al Maqdisi, using seemingly obvious religious language and texts, motivated a number of young Muslim men and incite them to commit violence. This was best illustrated by the al Ulya explosions in Riyadh , in November 1995, when a group blew up a training center for the Saudi National Guard. Abd al Aziz al Muthim who masterminded the attack had been traveling frequently to Jordan and bringing back with him al Maqdisi’s books, listening to his teachings, and promoting his ideas. The Palestinian cleric himself paid a few visits to the Kingdom, even after he wrote “Conspicuous Manifestations of the Saudi State’s Infidelity”� where he unequivocally denounced the Kingdom’s government.

(more…)

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Asharq Alawsat – Abu Mohammed al Maqdisi: al-Zarqawi “Spiritual Godfather”

Posted on July 29th, 2005 by .
Categories: Internal Debates, International Terrorism, Murder on theo Van Gogh and related issues, Religious and Political Radicalization.

Asharq Alawsat Abu Mohammed al Maqdisi: al-Zarqawi “Spiritual Godfather”

Al Maqdisi is not only Al-Zarqawi’s “spiritual godfather”. The same can be said for Mohammed B. who frequently uses texts from Sayyd Qutb’s Milestones and from Al Maqdisi. The concepts of al-Walaa’ wal Baraa’ (to be loyal and to disavow for the sake of Allah) were central. Mohammed B. translated al-Maqdisi’s ‘Millat Ibrahim’ into Dutch. In this text Maqdisi elaborates on loyalty and disavowal. It is also very informative about Al Maqdisi, his thoughts, his connection with international terrorism and especially with his student al-Zarqawi.

The concept of loyalty and disavowal is one of the pillars of al Maqdisi’s thought and his favorite argument. He used it in conjunction with extracts from the Quran, the Hadith (sayings of the Prophet), Salafi teachings and the fatwas (religious edicts) of Wahabi clerics ( strict orthodox Sunni Muslims from Saudi Arabia who strive to purify Islamic beliefs and reject any innovation occurring after the 3rd century of Islam). Al Maqdisi’s use of the concept was best displayed in his famous book, “The Faith of Ibrahim”�, his most significant representation of Salafi ideology. The book is similar to Sayyid Qutb’s “Milestones”� in terms of its impact on Salafi ideology. Based on a simple idea, the book advocates following the path set by the Prophet Ibrahim, because God ordered his followers to take Ibrahim as a model in the Koranic verse: “You have a good example in Ibrahim and those who were with him. They said to their people, we disavow you because what you idolize is different than Allah.”

As such, following the way of Ibrahim requires disbelieving the devil and disavowing him. The devil’s infidelity can be seen in several ways, mainly in the fact that he does not rule according to God’s ordinance. A verse in the Quran says, “Those who do not follow Allah’s revelation in their rule are infidels.”� According to al Maqdisi, since all Arab governments do not rule by God’s edict, they are all infidels and need to be disavowed, as the Prophet Ibrahim did before.

The book had a powerful impact in a generation of jihadist men. Al Maqdisi, using seemingly obvious religious language and texts, motivated a number of young Muslim men and incite them to commit violence. This was best illustrated by the al Ulya explosions in Riyadh , in November 1995, when a group blew up a training center for the Saudi National Guard. Abd al Aziz al Muthim who masterminded the attack had been traveling frequently to Jordan and bringing back with him al Maqdisi’s books, listening to his teachings, and promoting his ideas. The Palestinian cleric himself paid a few visits to the Kingdom, even after he wrote “Conspicuous Manifestations of the Saudi State’s Infidelity”� where he unequivocally denounced the Kingdom’s government.

(more…)

2 comments.

Asharq Alawsat – Terrorism: Where is the Counter Fatwa?

Posted on July 29th, 2005 by .
Categories: Internal Debates, International Terrorism.

Asharq Alawsat Terrorism: Where is the Counter Fatwa?

The time has come for a fatwa (a legal Islamic opinion) to be issued that disconnects Osama Bin Laden and his followers from Islam. In a time in which terrorist operations have spread across world cities from New York to Casablanca, from Cairo to London, and most recently in Sharm El Sheikh, we desperately need a series of fatwas that assert that Islam does not condone violence against innocent people. However, this is not even enough. We also need to exclude those among us who believe that violence is the way to defend Islam. As a Muslim, I believe that we need total clarity on the subject. We should respond to the fatwas that are issued in our name.

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Protected: AD.nl – Radicale moslims steeds handiger

Posted on July 27th, 2005 by martijn.
Categories: International Terrorism, Murder on theo Van Gogh and related issues, Religious and Political Radicalization, Young Muslims.

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The Mohammed B. court case part 3

Posted on July 26th, 2005 by .
Categories: International Terrorism, Murder on theo Van Gogh and related issues, Religious and Political Radicalization, Young Muslims.

Today Mohammed B. was sentenced to life in prison. Not a big surprise for most of us probably. The prosecutor demanded a life sentence, Mohammed B. asked for a life sentence and the public wanted no less then a life sentence.

According to the court it was proven that Mohammed B.’s act was a terrorist act, that he hindered Hirsi Ali in her work and that he willingly caused huge friction in society. He is also found guilty in the attempted murderer of several policemen and -women and two passersby.

For the people who don’t know, a life sentence in the Netherlands is a sentence for life. There is no possibilty for parole. He can only get out of there sooner, when the queen (i.e. the dutch government) allows him. I don’t think that will happen.

Mohammed B. will probably not appeal, but I don’t think that means that this is the last we hear from him…

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Protected: AD.nl – Held van moslims in Nederland

Posted on July 23rd, 2005 by martijn.
Categories: International Terrorism, Religious and Political Radicalization, Young Muslims.

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News Of the World – Get out… everyone is going to hate you!

Posted on July 22nd, 2005 by .
Categories: International Terrorism, Religious and Political Radicalization, Young Muslims.

News Of the World – Online Edition
“I’m sure it was a grooming process similar to the way paedophiles groom victims.”

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Protected: AD.nl – Beloning zelfmoordactivist: 70 maagden

Posted on July 15th, 2005 by martijn.
Categories: International Terrorism, Young Muslims.

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Aljazeera.Net Opinion – Al-Qaida: Wrong answers to real problems

Posted on July 15th, 2005 by .
Categories: International Terrorism, Religious and Political Radicalization, Young Muslims.

Aljazeera.Net – Al-Qaida: Wrong answers to real problems

Once again I watched the nauseous devastation and massacre, this time in the heart of my city, near the universities and libraries, where I have spent much of my adult life.

(more…)

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Protected: Moslimterrorisme wordt gevoed door romantiek

Posted on July 10th, 2005 by martijn.
Categories: International Terrorism, Murder on theo Van Gogh and related issues.

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C L O S E R The Mohammed B. Court Case part 0

Posted on July 10th, 2005 by .
Categories: International Terrorism, Religious and Political Radicalization, Young Muslims.

Tomorrow will begin the court case against the murderer of Theo van Gogh, who was killed 2 November 2004 by Mohammed B. who claimed to have a islamic motive.

He left a note on his body in which he treatened Hirsi Ali and that had several references to the Egyptian Takfir wal-Hijra.. Mohammed B. is also accused of being part of a terrorist network, the so-called Hofstadgroup.

Mohammed B. is refusing to appear before the court tomorrow, therefore he will be forced to appear. His lawyer will plea for him. Perhaps Mohammed B. is giving a statement but I doubt it. Theo van Gogh’s mother will give a statement before court.

Several questions remain at this moment. What is his place in this so-called Hofstadgroup? They were very much focused on a violent jihad in Chechnya, Palestina and other places but not in the Netherlands. Why did they change their minds, apparently in two or three months? What kind of group was the hofstadgroup. In my mind not a very professional one, although very serious with several international connections.

Questions, questions, questions…answers? Not yet. Perhaps in the coming days. I will attend the court case and inform you and at the same time report the debates about it on the internet (I wanted to do that now already, but it is very quiet).

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Protected: NRC Handelsblad – Binnenland: Imams preken tegen terreur

Posted on July 8th, 2005 by martijn.
Categories: International Terrorism, Religious and Political Radicalization, Young Muslims.

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Protected: AD.nl – Leden Hofstadgroep ook in Londen

Posted on July 8th, 2005 by martijn.
Categories: International Terrorism, Murder on theo Van Gogh and related issues, Religious and Political Radicalization, Young Muslims.

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Protected: nu.nl/algemeen | Aanslagen Londen mogelijk werk van Britse jongeren

Posted on July 8th, 2005 by martijn.
Categories: International Terrorism, Religious and Political Radicalization, Young Muslims.

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Protected: nu.nl/algemeen | Aanslagen Londen mogelijk werk van Britse jongeren

Posted on July 8th, 2005 by martijn.
Categories: International Terrorism, Religious and Political Radicalization, Young Muslims.

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Virtually Islamic

Posted on July 8th, 2005 by .
Categories: International Terrorism.

Virtually Islamic

News, Commentary, Information and Speculation about Islam in the Digital Age – part of virtuallyislamic.com

Gary Bunt’s website with all kinds of links to articles concerning the ‘London Explosions’

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This is London |Terror on the dole

Posted on July 8th, 2005 by .
Categories: International Terrorism, Religious and Political Radicalization.

This is London | London news

Until recently, nobody took the fanatical beliefs of al-Muhajiroun too seriously, believing that a British-based group so brazenly “out there” could not be involved in something as “underground” as terrorism. The group is led by the exiled Saudi, Sheikh Omar Bakri Mohammad, from his base in north London. Yesterday, in a magazine article, Bakri warned that several radical groups are poised to strike in London.

For all its inflammatory rhetoric, al-Muhajiroun has never been linked to actual violence. Yet, with the discovery last month of half-a-tonne of ammonium nitrate fertiliser – the same explosive ingredient used in the Bali and Turkey terror attacks – and with the arrest of eight young British Muslims in London and the South-East, including six in Luton, extremist groups such as al-Muhajiroun are under the spotlight like never before.

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